bir’,appendix1;A.D.Margolis,‘Chislennost’irazmeshcheniessyl’nykhvSibirivkontseXIXveka’,inidem,Tiur’maissylkavimperatorskoiRossii.Issledovaniiaiarkhivnyenakhodki(Moscow,1995),p.41;AndrewA.Gentes,‘TowardsaDemographyofChildrenintheTsaristSiberianExileSystem’,Sibirica,vol.5,no.1(Spring2006),p.1;Frank,Crime,CulturalConflict,andJustice,ch.2.
2界标
1PetrKropotkin,InRussianandFrenchPrisons(London,1887),pp.124–5.
2GeorgeKennan,SiberiaandtheExileSystem,2vols.(NewYork,1891),vol.1,pp.52–4.
3I.P.Belokonskii[Petrovich],Potiur’mamietapam.OcherkitiuremnoizhizniiputevyezametkiotMoskvydoKrasnoiarska(Oryol,1887),pp.107–8.
4CitedinAndrewA.Gentes,ExiletoSiberia,1590–1822(Basingstoke,2008),p.48.
5RobertHughes,TheFatalShore:AHistoryoftheTransportationofConvictstoAustralia,1787–1868(London,1986),p.145;GwendaMorganandPeterRushton,BanishmentintheEarlyAtlanticWorld:Convicts,RebelsandSlaves(London,2013),ch.6.关于把刑罚殖民者放逐到法属圭亚那，参见StephenA.Toth,BeyondPapillon:TheFrenchOverseasPenalColonies,1854–1952(Lincoln,NE,2006);MichelPierre,Lat
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